The Electromagnetic Model of a Superconducting DC Cable Line for Application in Urban Electric Transport
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2025-10-15-21Keywords:
high temperature 2-nd generation superconductor, DC cable, Kim’s model, critical currentAbstract
A possible design of an HTS DC cable that can be used to reduce the electricity consumption by an urban railway system is discussed. The proposed engineering solution is seen as an efficient alternative to a conventional power transmission system in densely populated areas owing to high current density and smaller cross section area of the HTS cable, as well as lower total losses in comparison with currently used AC systems. During the study, the electromagnetic characteristics of a coaxial DC cable for typical operational specifications, namely, 20 MW, 750 V DC, and 26.66 kA, were modeled. Supposedly, the cable line will be made on the basis of 4 mm wide and 0.15 mm thick YBCO SCS4050 HTS tape produced by SuperPower Inc. For calculating the maximum current in the cable, a modified anisotropic critical state Kim’s model is used. The COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 software package is used for simulation. The designed cable has the critical current capability equal to 34.23 kA, which is by 28 % higher than the total transport current of the cable, thereby confirming the flexibility and correctness of the design proposed.
References
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#
1. Chughtai A. et al. Diagnosis of Energy Crisis of Pakistan and Assessment of DSM as Viable Solution. Engineering Proceedings. – Engineering Proceedings, 2023, vol. 46, No. 1, DOI: 10.3390/engproc2023046035.
2. Ahmad M. et al. Future Prospective of HVDC System in Pakistan. – 4th Int. Conf. on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2023, DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET57998.2023. 10099224.
3. Rasool Y, Zaidi S.A.H., Zafar M.W. Determinants of Carbon Emissions in Pakistan’s Transport Sector. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, vol. 26 (22), pp. 22907–22921, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05504-4.
4. Sohail M.T. et al. Pakistan Management of Green Transportation and Environmental Pollution: A Nonlinear ARDL Analysis. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, vol. 28 (23), pp. 29046–29055, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12654-x.
5. Shah S.H. et al. Sustainability Assessment of Modern Urban Transport and Its Role in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Metro Bus System (MBS), Lahore. – Kuwait Journal of Science, 2020, vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 67–81.
6. Chervyakov A. et al. Superconducting Electric Lines. – IASS Fact Sheet, 2015, No. 2, DOI: 10.2312/iass.2015.028.
7. Wang Z. et al. Research Status of High Temperature Su-perconducting Power Cable. – IEEE Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), 2022, DOI: 10.1109/EEBDA53927.2022.9745003.
8. Hirose M. et al. High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) DC Cable. – SEI Technical Review, 2006, No. 61, pp. 29–35.
9. Zhou Q. et al. Analysis and Methods for HTS DC Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 8, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3108738.
10. Zhang H., Wang Y., Xue J. Electromagnetic Field Analysis of a High Current Capacity DC HTS Cable with Self-shielding Characteristic by 2-D Simulation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 7, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2016.2590019.
11. Huang W. et al. Electromagnetic Analysis of HTS DC Cables Based on Critical State Model. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3066110.
12. Kalimov A.G., Bagan S., Govor V.M. Global’naya energiya – in Russ. (Global Energy), 2022, vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 7–17.
13. Hajiri G. et al. Thermal and Electromagnetic Design of DC HTS Cables for the Future French Railway Network. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3059598.
14. Hajiri G. et al. Design Tools and Optimization for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – 7th Inter-national Workshop on Numerical Modelling of High Temperature Superconductors, 2021.
15. Hajiri G. et al. Design and Modelling Tools for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2022, vol. 35 (2), DOI: 10.1088/1361-6668/ac43c7.
16. Yuan W. Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconducting Coils and Their Applications for Energy Storage. London: Springer, 2011, 145 p.
17. SuperPower 2G HTS Wire Specification [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.superpower-inc.com/specification.aspx (Access on 18.08.2025).
18. Kalsi S.S. Applications of High Temperature Superconductors to Electric Power Equipment. Piscataway, U.S.A.: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2011, pp. 20–25
2. Ahmad M. et al. Future Prospective of HVDC System in Pakistan. – 4th Int. Conf. on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2023, DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET57998.2023.10099224.
3. Rasool Y, Zaidi S.A.H., Zafar M.W. Determinants of Carbon Emissions in Pakistan’s Transport Sector. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, vol. 26 (22), pp. 22907–22921, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05504-4.
4. Sohail M.T. et al. Pakistan Management of Green Transportation and Environmental Pollution: A Nonlinear ARDL Analysis. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, vol. 28 (23), pp. 29046–29055, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12654-x.
5. Shah S.H. et al. Sustainability Assessment of Modern Urban Transport and Its Role in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Metro Bus System (MBS), Lahore. – Kuwait Journal of Science, 2020, vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 67–81.
6. Chervyakov A. et al. Superconducting Electric Lines. – IASS Fact Sheet, 2015, No. 2, DOI: 10.2312/iass.2015.028.
7. Wang Z. et al. Research Status of High Temperature Superconducting Power Cable. – IEEE Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), 2022, DOI: 10.1109/EEBDA53927.2022.9745003.
8. Hirose M. et al. High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) DC Cable. – SEI Technical Review, 2006, No. 61, pp. 29–35.
9. Zhou Q. et al. Analysis and Methods for HTS DC Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 8, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3108738.
10. Zhang H., Wang Y., Xue J. Electromagnetic Field Analysis of a High Current Capacity DC HTS Cable with Self-shielding Characteristic by 2-D Simulation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 7, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2016.2590019.
11. Huang W. et al. Electromagnetic Analysis of HTS DC Cables Based on Critical State Model. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3066110.
12. Калимов А.Г., Баган С., Говор В.М. Моделирование критического состояния сверхпроводниковых катушек в индуктивных накопителях энергии. – Глобальная энергия, 2022, т. 28, № 3, с. 7–17.
13. Hajiri G. et al. Thermal and Electromagnetic Design of DC HTS Cables for the Future French Railway Network. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3059598.
14. Hajiri G. et al. Design Tools and Optimization for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – 7th International Workshop on Numerical Modelling of High Temperature Superconductors, 2021.
15. Hajiri G. et al. Design and Modelling Tools for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2022, vol. 35 (2), DOI: 10.1088/1361-6668/ac43c7.
16. Yuan W. Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconducting Coils and Their Applications for Energy Storage. London: Springer, 2011, 145 p.
17. SuperPower 2G HTS Wire Specification [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.superpower-inc.com/specification.aspx (дата обращения 18.08.2025).
18. Kalsi S.S. Applications of High Temperature Superconductors to Electric Power Equipment. Piscataway, U.S.A.: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2011, pp. 20–25.
#
1. Chughtai A. et al. Diagnosis of Energy Crisis of Pakistan and Assessment of DSM as Viable Solution. Engineering Proceedings. – Engineering Proceedings, 2023, vol. 46, No. 1, DOI: 10.3390/engproc2023046035.
2. Ahmad M. et al. Future Prospective of HVDC System in Pakistan. – 4th Int. Conf. on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2023, DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET57998.2023. 10099224.
3. Rasool Y, Zaidi S.A.H., Zafar M.W. Determinants of Carbon Emissions in Pakistan’s Transport Sector. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, vol. 26 (22), pp. 22907–22921, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05504-4.
4. Sohail M.T. et al. Pakistan Management of Green Transportation and Environmental Pollution: A Nonlinear ARDL Analysis. – Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, vol. 28 (23), pp. 29046–29055, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12654-x.
5. Shah S.H. et al. Sustainability Assessment of Modern Urban Transport and Its Role in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Metro Bus System (MBS), Lahore. – Kuwait Journal of Science, 2020, vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 67–81.
6. Chervyakov A. et al. Superconducting Electric Lines. – IASS Fact Sheet, 2015, No. 2, DOI: 10.2312/iass.2015.028.
7. Wang Z. et al. Research Status of High Temperature Su-perconducting Power Cable. – IEEE Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), 2022, DOI: 10.1109/EEBDA53927.2022.9745003.
8. Hirose M. et al. High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) DC Cable. – SEI Technical Review, 2006, No. 61, pp. 29–35.
9. Zhou Q. et al. Analysis and Methods for HTS DC Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 8, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3108738.
10. Zhang H., Wang Y., Xue J. Electromagnetic Field Analysis of a High Current Capacity DC HTS Cable with Self-shielding Characteristic by 2-D Simulation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 7, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2016.2590019.
11. Huang W. et al. Electromagnetic Analysis of HTS DC Cables Based on Critical State Model. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3066110.
12. Kalimov A.G., Bagan S., Govor V.M. Global’naya energiya – in Russ. (Global Energy), 2022, vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 7–17.
13. Hajiri G. et al. Thermal and Electromagnetic Design of DC HTS Cables for the Future French Railway Network. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3059598.
14. Hajiri G. et al. Design Tools and Optimization for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – 7th Inter-national Workshop on Numerical Modelling of High Temperature Superconductors, 2021.
15. Hajiri G. et al. Design and Modelling Tools for DC HTS Cables for the Future Railway Network in France. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2022, vol. 35 (2), DOI: 10.1088/1361-6668/ac43c7.
16. Yuan W. Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconducting Coils and Their Applications for Energy Storage. London: Springer, 2011, 145 p.
17. SuperPower 2G HTS Wire Specification [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.superpower-inc.com/specification.aspx (Access on 18.08.2025).
18. Kalsi S.S. Applications of High Temperature Superconductors to Electric Power Equipment. Piscataway, U.S.A.: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2011, pp. 20–25
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2025-09-18
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