Углеродные нанотрубки для получения высокоэффективных электропроводящих композиционных материалов для аддитивного производства

Svetlana A. TYURINA; Viktor L. DEMIN; Mihail D. KRYUKOV; Nikita S. BURENKOV; Ivan A. TUGOLUKOV; Varvara S. KARZAKOVA; Gennadiy A. YUDIN; Nikita A. RASHUTIN

doi:10.24160/0013-5380-2026-7-81-88

Authors

Svetlana A. TYURINA
Viktor L. DEMIN
Mihail D. KRYUKOV
Nikita S. BURENKOV
Ivan A. TUGOLUKOV
Varvara S. KARZAKOVA
Gennadiy A. YUDIN
Nikita A. RASHUTIN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2026-7-81-88

Keywords:

electrically conducting polymer composites, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, additive manufacturing

Abstract

The article deals with studying the possibility of making electrically conducting polymer composite materials (PCMs) for use in LCD printing with applying commercial photopolymer resins and standard 3D printers. The key challenges encountered in dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in photopolymer matrices stemming from strong van der Waals interactions and the tendency of nanotubes to aggregate are discussed. Various technological methods for producing conducting compositions are analyzed, including mechanical (high speed homogenization and ultrasonic treatment) and chemical dispersion, the use of surfactants and solvents, as well as the application of binary fillers. The electrophysical properties of the resulting materials were evaluated according to GOST and ASTM standards. It is shown that the introduction of single-walled carbon nanotubes together with carbon black allows achieving a volume resistivity of 0.6–1.5 Ω‧m, whereas when taken separately, these fillers do not provide resistivity below 10⁷ Ω‧m within the studied concentration range. It has been established that the filler distribution uniformity and the suspension stability are the key influencing factors. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility in principle to perform additive manufacturing of conducting products using standard equipment. The obtained data can be used in the development of composites for flexible electronics, sensors, and electromagnetic shielding systems.

Author Biographies

Svetlana A. TYURINA

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Docent of the Materials Engineering Dept., Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent.

Viktor L. DEMIN

(Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) – Senior Researcher, Cand. Sci. (Eng.).

Mihail D. KRYUKOV

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Laboratory Assistant of the Materials Engineering Dept.

Nikita S. BURENKOV

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Laboratory Assistant of the Materials Engineering Dept.

Ivan A. TUGOLUKOV

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Laboratory Assistant of the Materials Engineering Dept.

Varvara S. KARZAKOVA

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Lecturer of the Materials Engineering Dept.

Gennadiy A. YUDIN

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Docent of the Materials Engineering Dept., Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent.

Nikita A. RASHUTIN

(MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia) – Lecturer of the Materials Engineering Dept.

References

1. Sun L. et al. Roles of Carbon Nanotubes in Novel Energy Storage Devices. – Carbon, 2017, vol. 122, pp. 462–474. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.07.006.

2. Eletskii A. Sorption Properties of Carbon Nanostructures. – Physics-Uspekhi, 2004, vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 1119–1154. DOI: 10.1070/PU2004v047n11ABEH002017.

3. Girifalco L.A., Hodak M., Lee R.S. Carbon Nanotubes, Buckyballs, Ropes, and a Universal Graphitic Potential. – Physical Review B, 2000, vol. 62, No. 19, pp. 13104–13110. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13104.

4. Xie X.-L., Mai Y.-W., Zhou X.-P. Dispersion and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix: A Review. – Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2005, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 89–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002.

5. Yan Y. et al. Progress and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites. – Materials Today Advances, 2023, vol. 17, DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100333.

6. Wiśniewska P. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Polymers: A Comprehensive Review. – Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2025, vol. 13, pp. 21302–21332, DOI: 10.1039/D5TC02571K.

7. Tilve-Martinez D., Poulin P. Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Conductive Nanocomposites. – Accounts of Materials Research, 2025, vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 661–671, DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.5c00060.

8. Lu K.L. et al. Mechanical Damage of Carbon Nanotubes by Ultrasound. – Carbon, 1996, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 814–816. DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(96)89470-X.

9. Blake R. et al. A Generic Organometallic Approach Toward Ultra-Strong Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites. – Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, vol. 126, No. 33, pp. 10226–10227. DOI: 10.1021/ja0474805.

10. Tasis D. et al. Soluble Carbon Nanotubes. – Chemistry –A European Journal, 2003, vol. 9, No. 17, pp. 4000–4008. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304800.

11. Sanli A. et al. Effects of Different Types of Surfactant Treatments on the Electromechanical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers. – Textile and Apparel, 2022, vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 11–18, DOI: 10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.1117280.

12. Inoue A.D. et al. Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Triggered by the Helical Self-Assembly of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). – Nanoscale, 2025, vol. 17, pp. 18105–18111, DOI: 10.1039/D5NR01706H.

13. Jiang L.Q., Gao L., Sun J. Production of Aqueous Colloidal Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes. – Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2003, vol. 260, No. 1, pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9797(02)00176-5.

14. Gong X. et al. Surfactant-Assisted Processing of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites. – Chemistry of Materials, 2000, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 1049–1052. DOI: 10.1021/cm9906396.

15. Chatterjee T. et al. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions in Poly (Ethylene Oxide). – Advanced Functional Materials, 2005, vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 1832–1838. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200500290.

16. Patrick H.N., Warr G.G. Self-Assembly Structures of Nonionic Surfactants at Graphite–Solution Interfaces. 2. Effect of Polydispersity and Alkyl Chain Branching. – Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, vol. 162, No. 1–3, pp. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-7757(99)00187-9.

17. Yurekli K., Mitchell C.A., Krishnamoorti R. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering from Surfactant-Assisted Aqueous Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes. – Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, vol. 126, No. 32, pp. 9902–9903. DOI: 10.1021/ja047451u.

18. Velasco-Santos C. et al. Dynamical–Mechanical and Thermal Analysis of Carbon Nanotube–Methyl-Ethyl Methacrylate Nano-composites. – Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 1423–1428. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/12/311.

19. Kim B., Lee J., Yu I. Electrical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube and Epoxy Composites. – Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 94, No. 10, pp. 6724–6728. DOI: 10.1063/1.1622772.

20. Tan Y., Resasco D.E. Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes of Narrow Diameter Distribution. – The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, vol. 109, No. 30, pp. 14454–14460. DOI: 10.1021/jp052217r.

21. Vaisman L., Marom G., Wagner H.D. Dispersions of Surface-Modified Carbon Nanotubes in Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble Polymers. – Advanced Functional Materials, 2006, vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 357–363. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200500142.

22. Strano M.S. et al. Electronic Structure Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalization. – Science, 2003, vol. 301, No. 5639, pp. 1519–1522. DOI: 10.1126/science.1087691.

23. Cheng F., Adronov A. Noncovalent Functionalization and Solubilization of Carbon Nanotubes by Using a Conjugated Zn–Porphyrin Polymer. – Chemistry – A European Journal, 2006, vol. 12, No. 19, pp. 5053–5059. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600302.

24. Kaplan B. Synergistic Effects of Hybrid Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Black Fillers in 3D-Printable Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites: Balancing Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Performance. – Polymer Engineering & Science, 2025, vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 364–377, DOI: 10.1002/pen.27192.

25. Saberi M. et al. Developing an Efficient Analytical Model for Predicting the Electrical Conductivity of Polymeric Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Black Nanofillers. – Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2024, vol. 185, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108374.

26. Lee T. et al. Prediction of Curing Depth Dependence on CNT Nanofiller Dispersion for Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing. – Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, vol. 482, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4584399.

27. ГОСТ 20214-74. Пластмассы электропроводящие. Метод определения удельного объемного электрического сопротивления при постоянном напряжении. М.: Изд-во стандартов, 1974, 12 с.

28. ASTM F 1529-97. Standard Test Method for Sheet Resistance Uniformity Evaluation by in-Line Four-Point Probe with the Dual-Configuration Procedure. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 1997, 6 p.

---

Исследования проведены при реализации проекта «Разработка технологии получения наноструктурированных композиционных материалов нового поколения с низким удельным объемным электрическим сопротивлением и функциональных покрытий» в рамках федерального проекта «Университеты для поколения лидеров» национального проекта «Молодежь и дети»

#

1. Sun L. et al. Roles of Carbon Nanotubes in Novel Energy Storage Devices. – Carbon, 2017, vol. 122, pp. 462–474. DOI: 10.1016/ j.carbon.2017.07.006.

2. Eletskii A. Sorption Properties of Carbon Nanostructures. – Physics-Uspekhi, 2004, vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 1119–1154. DOI: 10.1070/PU2004v047n11ABEH002017.

3. Girifalco L.A., Hodak M., Lee R.S. Carbon Nanotubes, Buckyballs, Ropes, and a Universal Graphitic Potential. – Physical Review B, 2000, vol. 62, No. 19, pp. 13104–13110. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13104.

4. Xie X.-L., Mai Y.-W., Zhou X.-P. Dispersion and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix: A Review. – Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2005, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 89–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002.

5. Yan Y. et al. Progress and Opportunities in Additive Manufactu-ring of Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites. – Materials Today Advances, 2023, vol. 17, DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100333.

6. Wiśniewska P. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Polymers: A Comprehensive Review. – Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2025, vol. 13, pp. 21302–21332, DOI: 10.1039/D5TC02571K.

7. Tilve-Martinez D., Poulin P. Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Conductive Nanocomposites. – Accounts of Materials Research, 2025, vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 661–671, DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.5c00060.

8. Lu K.L. et al. Mechanical Damage of Carbon Nanotubes by Ultrasound. – Carbon, 1996, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 814–816. DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(96)89470-X.

9. Blake R. et al. A Generic Organometallic Approach Toward Ultra-Strong Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites. – Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, vol. 126, No. 33, pp. 10226–10227. DOI: 10.1021/ja0474805.

10. Tasis D. et al. Soluble Carbon Nanotubes. – Chemistry – A European Journal, 2003, vol. 9, No. 17, pp. 4000–4008. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304800.

11. Sanli A. et al. Effects of Different Types of Surfactant Treatments on the Electromechanical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers. – Textile and Apparel, 2022, vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 11–18, DOI: 10.32710/tekstilvekonfek-siyon.1117280.

12. Inoue A.D. et al. Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Triggered by the Helical Self-Assembly of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). – Nano-scale, 2025, vol. 17, pp. 18105–18111, DOI: 10.1039/D5NR01706H.

13. Jiang L.Q., Gao L., Sun J. Production of Aqueous Colloidal Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes. – Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2003, vol. 260, No. 1, pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9797(02)00176-5.

14. Gong X. et al. Surfactant-Assisted Processing of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites. – Chemistry of Materials, 2000, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 1049–1052. DOI: 10.1021/cm9906396.

15. Chatterjee T. et al. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions in Poly (Ethylene Oxide). – Advanced Functional Materials, 2005, vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 1832–1838. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200500290.

16. Patrick H.N., Warr G.G. Self-Assembly Structures of Nonionic Surfactants at Graphite–Solution Interfaces. 2. Effect of Polydispersity and Alkyl Chain Branching. – Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, vol. 162, No. 1–3, pp. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-7757(99)00187-9.

17. Yurekli K., Mitchell C.A., Krishnamoorti R. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering from Surfactant-Assisted Aqueous Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes. – Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, vol. 126, No. 32, pp. 9902–9903. DOI: 10.1021/ja047451u.

18. Velasco-Santos C. et al. Dynamical–Mechanical and Thermal Analysis of Carbon Nanotube–Methyl-Ethyl Methacrylate Nanocomposites. – Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 1423–1428. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/12/311.